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Type of rehabilitation in India

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity (ADHD)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children today, though it is also seen among adults. It’s a chronic neuropsychiatric condition that’s marked by problems focusing, holding attention, impulsivity or hyperactivity, and sometimes behaviour issues related to the hyperactivity and impulsivity. For some, ADHD symptoms can be mild or even undetectable, for others, they may be debilitating. The average age people are diagnosed with ADHD is 7 years old, and symptoms are often apparent by age 12, though it can affect younger children and even adults. It is estimated that 9 percent of children and 4 percent of adults in the United States have ADHD

Autism

Autism, refers to a range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviours, speech and nonverbal communication, as well as by unique strengths and differences. We now know that there is not one autism but many types, caused by different combinations of genetic and environmental influences.

Autism’s most-obvious signs tend to appear between 2 and 3 years of age. In some cases, it can be diagnosed as early as 18 months. Some developmental delays associated with autism can be identified and addressed even earlier. Autism Speaks urges parents with concerns to seek evaluation without delay, as early intervention can improve outcomes.

Arthogryposis

Arthrogryposis translated from the Greek, literally means "curved or hooked joints". It is defined as a non-progressive, congenital neuromuscular syndrome characterized by severe joint contracture, muscle weakness & fibrosis" Arthrogryposis, also known as Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita, occurs in 1 out of every 3000 live births. Amyoplasia, a form of Arthrogryposis is characterized by fatty fibrous tissue replacement of the limb muscle, is the most common form (43%).

Club Feet

Talipesequinovarus (once called club foot) is a deformity of the foot and ankle that a baby can be born with. It is not clear exactly what causes talipes. In most cases, it is diagnosed by the typical appearance of a baby's foot after they are born. The Ponseti method is now a widely used treatment for talipes. This treatment gives good results for most children and so surgery is not usually needed to correct the foot deformity.

Delayed Milestone

Children reach developmental milestones at their own pace. Minor, temporary delays are usually no cause for alarm, but an ongoing delay or multiple delays in reaching milestones can lead to issues later in life. Delay in reaching language, thinking, and motor skills milestones is called developmental delay. Developmental delay may be caused by a variety of factors, including heredity, problems with pregnancy, and premature birth. The cause is not always known. If you suspect your child has developmental delay, speak with your pediatrician. Developmental delay sometimes indicates an underlying condition that only doctors can diagnosis. Early intervention will help your child's progress and development into adulthood.

Erbs Palsy

Erb’s palsy, a form of obstetric brachial plexus disorder, is an injury that occurs when the nerves in a baby’s upper arm are damaged. It typically affects one or two of every 1,000 babies. The injury usually occurs as a result of a lesion at Erb’s point, the area near the baby’s neck where the fifth and sixth cranial nerves merge to create the upper point of the brachial plexus.

The nerves in the brachial plexus give movement and feeling to the baby’s arm, hand, and fingers. Erb’s palsy is frequently caused by shoulder dystocia during a difficult birth. Infants with this condition usually can’t move the affected shoulder or upper arm, but they may be able to wiggle their fingers. Sometimes the injury can affect the whole trunk, and usually it affects the spinal cord’s ability to send messages to the arm, wrist, hand, or fingers through normal nerve impulses. Babies with Erb’s palsy often look as if their arm in the affected area is paralyzed.

Erb’s palsy refers only to brachial plexus damage to the upper nerves. If nerves on both the upper and lower ends of the brachial plexus are stretched and injured, the result can lead to a more severe condition known as total or global brachial plexus palsy.

Spina bifida

Spina bifida is a condition where the bones in the vertebral column do not fully cover the spinal cord, leaving it exposed. Symptoms range from mild to severe, and it can affect physical and intellectual development.

It is a congenital problem, present before birth, and it is caused by the incomplete closing of the embryonic neural tube. It is a neural tube defect. There are four main types of spina bifida: myelomeningocele, spina bifida occulta, closed neural tube defects, and meningocele. Myelomeningocele is the most serious type, and symptoms can be severe. In spina bifida occulta, symptoms may be barely noticeable.

Muscular Atrophy

Muscle atrophy or muscle wasting is a medical term defined as a decrease in muscle mass. There are generally two forms of muscle atrophy; disuse atrophy and neurogenic atrophy. Both present similarly but have significant differences in the cause of muscle wasting. The former is a loss of muscle due to lack of physical activity while the latter is due to a problem with the nerves that connect to the muscle itself.